Introduction Cytokinesis is the process by which the cytoplasm of a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. It marks the final stage of cell division, following mitosis (in somatic…

Introduction Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four haploid daughter cells from a single diploid parent cell. It occurs in sexually…

Introduction The light reaction, also known as the light-dependent reaction, is the first stage of photosynthesis. It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and converts light energy into chemical…